Two mysterious stone rings found deep inside a French cave were probably built by Neanderthals about 176,500 years ago, proving that the ancient cousins of humans were capable of more complex behavior than previously thought, scientists say.
The structures were made from hundreds of pillar-shaped mineral deposits, called stalagmites, which were chopped to a similar length and laid out in two oval patterns up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) inches high. They were discovered by chance in 1990, after remaining untouched for tens of thousands of years because a rockslide had closed the mouth of the cave at Bruniquel in southwest France.
While previous research had suggested the structures pre-dated the arrival of modern humans in Europe around 45,000 years ago, the notion that Neanderthals could have made them didn’t fit long-held assumptions that these early humans were incapable of the kind of complex behavior necessary to work underground.
Using sophisticated dating techniques, a team led by archaeologist Jacques Jaubert of the University of Bordeaux, France, found that the stalagmites must have been broken off the ground around 176,500 years ago “making these edifices among the oldest known well-dated constructions made by humans.”
“Their presence at 336 meters (368 yards) from the entrance of the cave indicates that humans from this period had already mastered the underground environment, which can be considered a major step in human modernity,” the researchers concluded in a study published online Wednesday by the journal Nature.
Jaubert ruled out that the carefully constructed rings, which show traces of fire, could have come about by chance or been assembled by animals such as the bears and wolves whose bones were found near the entrance of the cave.
“The origin of the structures is undeniably human. It really cannot be otherwise,” he told The Associated Press.
The Neanderthals who built them must have had a “project” to go so deep into a cave where there was no natural light, said Jaubert. They probably explored underground as a group and cooperated to build the rings, using fire to illuminate the cave, he said. “These are exceptional tours, certainly for extraordinary reasons we do not yet know.”
Paola Villa, an archaeologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder who wasn’t involved in the study, said the site “provides strong evidence of the great antiquity of those elaborate structures and is an important contribution to a new understanding of the greater level of social complexities of Neanderthal societies.”
The authors said the purpose of the oval structures — measuring 16 square meters (172 sq. feet) and 2.3 square meters (25 sq. feet) — is still a matter of speculation, though they may have served some symbolic or ritual purpose.
“A plausible explanation is that this was a common meeting place for some type of ritual social behavior,” Villa suggested.
Wil Roebroeks, a Neanderthal expert at the University of Leiden, Netherlands, noted that the structures in Bruniquel may represent only the tip of the iceberg of Neanderthal culture, but most relics would have been made of organic material and decayed long ago.
“Bruniquel cave (shows) that circular structures were a part of Neanderthals’ material culture,” said Roebroeks, who called the rings “an intriguing find, which underlines that a lot of Neanderthal material culture, including their ‘architecture,’ simply did not survive in the open.”
Roebroeks, who also wasn’t involved in the study, said the fact that similar rings haven’t been found anywhere else makes it hard to test any theory about how they came to be.
“One could even envisage that groups of Neanderthal teenagers explored this underground environment deep in the cave, as teenagers tend to do, building fires, breaking off stalagmites and gradually turning them into the structures that 175,000 years later made it into (the journal) Nature,” he said.
The Associated Press contributed to this article.
DavidJLeahy says
With either trump or Hillary what chance does this Country have. Looks like I will just pass on voting this time.
With multiple passports I understand why Europe and other Countries are laughing
Wendy says
What do Thump and Killary have to do with a 176,000-year old find in France?
John says
Hillary Clinton is a direct genetic descendent Neanderthal. Any & every human who believes communism or socialism offers humans a better chance to prosper (intellectually, financially, and healthwise) than capitalism offers them is a direct genetic descendent of a Neanderthal.
R Paul says
That’s when they invented the “Pants Suit” and Hillary was there.
John says
This was a Neanderthal skunkworks…earliest wheel prototypes in research and development. Deep in a cave to help prevent pre-industrial espionage.
Anton Ammerlaan says
Western civilization is the most advanced civilization ever. Is that because people of this Western civilization contain approx. 5 percent Neanderthal genes.
Don Holland says
Holy Batwings Robin, who would have thunk that cavemen lived in caves?
Thomas Cordell says
Gee whiz: Another discovery that requires a complete revision of what we think we know about the past.
EEL RIVER says
IT JUST DOESNT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE, YOU DIDNT BUILD THAT! NOW LET ME BE CLEAR! AND THESE PEOPLE SWORE TO UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION, BUT FORGOT THE 2ND AMENDENT, AND A FEW OTHERS.ALONG THE WAY. CAN STRAYING FROM THE CONSTITUTION BE CLASSFIED TREASON?