Shoppers braving the mall this holiday season may notice more that’s new than the day’s discounts.
Many mall owners are spending billions to add more upscale restaurants and bars, premium movie theaters with dine-in options, bowling alleys and similar amenities. Some have turned swaths of space that previously housed department stores over to health clubs and grocery stores. Others are undergoing no less than a ground-up transformation to make room for office space, hotels and apartments.
The trend has been gaining traction as the companies that operate malls look for ways to keep people coming in at a time when Macy’s, Sears and other big department store chains have shuttered hundreds of stores and consumers increasingly opt to shop at Amazon.com and other e-commerce sites.
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“The mix of uses at our malls is changing,” said Stephen Lebovitz, CEO of mall owner CBL Properties. “It’s becoming less apparel and more dining, more entertainment, more service, more fitness, wellness — the types of categories that are more popular.”
CBL, which owns and manages 119 properties, including malls, outlets and open-air retail centers, has been adding more non-retail tenants after a wave of retailer bankruptcies and store closures in 2015 and this year, including at Gymboree, Payless ShoeSource and The Limited.
At its CoolSprings Galleria mall in a suburb of Nashville, CBL has put in a bowling alley and an indoor trampoline park, among other attractions. Lebovitz said the company is also trying to add dine-in movie theaters with reclining seats. “It’s a nicer, more experience-focused type of use.”
Carving out space for movie theaters, videogame arcades and food courts isn’t a new strategy. What’s noteworthy is the degree to which mall owners are now counting on tenants that sell experiences, rather than physical goods. The share of space occupied by non-retail tenants at regional shopping malls reached nearly 13 percent last year, according to commercial real estate tracker CoStar. It was 10.5 percent in 2012.
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Since 2014, about 90 large U.S. malls have invested more than $8 billion in major renovations, according to a study by commercial real estate firm JLL. Some 41 percent of the malls in the study spruced up their food and beverage offerings with an emphasis on restaurants that serve more varied fare and, in some cases, alcohol.
“It was not that long ago that the food offerings in the traditional food court at shopping centers in the ’80s and ’90s were really more about just giving you something to eat while you shop,” said James Cook, director of retail research at JLL. “Now the food and beverage is part of the attraction.”
Westfield’s Century City mall in Los Angeles has spent $1 billion to add more than 400,000 square feet of retail space. The renovation included a swanky outdoor dining plaza with gourmet restaurants and cafes. It also added the first Eataly on the West Coast. The Italian food market, which houses a variety of restaurants, drew an average of 3,600 people a day during its opening weekend.
The mall features a 15-screen movie theater, grocery store, fitness clubs and a health clinic. Westfield also installed an events and entertainment space. Pop bands Fitz & the Tantrums and DNCE took the stage at the mall’s reopening gala in October, and “The Nutcracker” ballet played more recently.
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Among the malls in the JLL study that improved their food and beverage options, more than half also invested in adding entertainment options.
The Kingston Collection in Kingston, Massachusetts, added a 36,000-square-foot bowling alley a year ago. Mall shoppers can also go there to play laser tag, try out summersault basketball dunks at an indoor trampoline park or race go-karts.
Shoppers who haven’t been inside a mall since the last round of holiday shopping may notice fewer department stores and clothing chains. Among the retail chains that announced store closures this year are RadioShack, Payless, Wet Seal, J.C. Penney, Kmart, Guess, Macy’s and Sears.
Retailers have been generally closing weaker locations, although some companies such as Macy’s are shuttering stores that are too close to their other locations, according to CoStar data. And the majority of stores that Sears, Macy’s, J.C. Penney and Kmart closed were located in middle-range or lower-tier malls that typically generate less money per square foot than the most upscale malls.
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The closures are one reason mall owners are increasingly making room for other types of tenants, including hotels, apartments and grocery stores, said Mizuho analyst Haendel St. Juste.
“It’s something that some have done for a while, some have been quietly doing for the past several years, but it’s just now that everyone is piling on clearly because of the wave of retail store closures and anti-retail sentiment,” he said. “It’s a trend you’ll see continue to evolve, but it’s not without risk and not everyone is going to be able to pull it off.”
Indeed, some malls have become something else entirely. Highland Mall in Austin, Texas, closed its doors in 2015 after it began to lose tenants as patrons increasingly shopped at a newer mall nearby. Highland is now a campus of Austin Community College, which is redeveloping the property.
Looking ahead, malls will increasingly incorporate housing and work spaces with retail. About 30 percent of the malls in the JLL study were adding non-retail space. Among those, about 40 percent were adding apartments. Thirty-three percent were adding hotels, while about 30 percent put in space for offices.
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A focus on blending living, working and retail space is driving Westfield’s planned redevelopment of the Promenade mall in the Los Angeles suburb of Woodland Hills. The project will feature more than 1,400 apartments, office space and retail. Westfield is also building a 23-story luxury tower in San Diego that will be part of a $600 million development that includes residential and retail space.
Cook calls it the return of a new urbanism, with more of a live-work-and-play atmosphere. “More apartments, more office space, more creative office space,” Cook said. “All of that has a place in the shopping center of the future.”
The Associated Press contributed to this article.